February 28, 2009

Sermonizin'

In a recently indulged comment by blog brother Keith he shared a recent Sunday Sermon entitled 'Obama is a Ruler of Biblical Dimensions!' The story of Pharaoh's Egypt is an excellent analogy to current events. But why are so many Americans, citizens of the greatest nation on earth, prepared to repeat this act of self-enslavement? I can best answer that with a sermon on 'Man's Rights' by Ayn Rand.

How many times have you heard it said that "health care is a right" or that "every American has a right to a decent job with a living wage?" Just last week an ACORN spokesman said that "housing is a right." [5:50] Those who hold these beliefs are willing to trade their political rights, or liberty, for economic "rights" - and expect the rest of us to do the same. Ayn Rand saw this in April of 1963:

Such is the state of one of today’s most crucial issues: political rights versus “economic rights.” It’s either-or. One destroys the other. But there are, in fact, no “economic rights,” no “collective rights,” no “public-interest rights.” The term “individual rights” is a redundancy: there is no other kind of rights and no one else to possess them.

But where did these ideas come from in modern America? According to Rand, first with FDR and then institutionalized in the Democratic Party Platform of 1960. (Click 'continue reading' to see the list.) Then she explains, "A single question added to each of the above eight clauses would make the issue clear: At whose expense?"

America has been "progressing" toward this point for my entire life. Since the "baby boom" generation American children have been raised with this altruist-collectivist ethic. Said Rand:

America’s inner contradiction was the altruist-collectivist ethics. Altruism is incompatible with freedom, with capitalism and with individual rights. One cannot combine the pursuit of happiness with the moral status of a sacrificial animal.

It was the concept of individual rights that had given birth to a free society. It was with the destruction of individual rights that the destruction of freedom had to begin.

Don't think America's founders were blind to this possibility.

The government was set to protect man from criminals—and the Constitution was written to protect man from the government. The Bill of Rights was not directed against private citizens, but against the government—as an explicit declaration that individual rights supersede any public or social power.

But this reliance upon rights to protect man from government was able to be undermined by dispute over the origin of those rights. And this is where I depart from brother Keith - when it comes to his closing prayer.

The concept of individual rights is so new in human history that most men have not grasped it fully to this day. In accordance with the two theories of ethics, the mystical or the social, some men assert that rights are a gift of God—others, that rights are a gift of society. But, in fact, the source of rights is man’s nature.

So those who believe rights are bestowed on man by his society have merely to deny the existence of God to disarm those who hold the opposing theory. Until Americans learn the true nature of rights - individual right to life and property as a birthright and a natural consequence of the nature of his being - our civil order will always be threatened by the specter of tyranny.

“The source of man’s rights is not divine law or congressional law, but the law of identity. A is A—and Man is Man. Rights are conditions of existence required by man’s nature for his proper survival. If man is to live on earth, it is right for him to use his mind, it is right to act on his own free judgment, it is right to work for his values and to keep the product of his work. If life on earth is his purpose, he has a right to live as a rational being: nature forbids him the irrational.” (Atlas Shrugged)
Bear clearly in mind the meaning of the concept of “rights” when you read the list which the platform offers:

“1. The right to a useful and remunerative job in the industries or shops or farms or mines of the nation.

“2. The right to earn enough to provide adequate food and clothing and recreation.

“3. The right of every farmer to raise and sell his products at a return which will give him and his family a decent living.

“4. The right of every businessman, large and small, to trade in an atmosphere of freedom from unfair competition and domination by monopolies at home and abroad.

“5. The right of every family to a decent home.

“6. The right to adequate medical care and the opportunity to achieve and enjoy good health.

“7. The right to adequate protection from the economic fears of old age, sickness, accidents and unemployment.

“8. The right to a good education.”

A single question added to each of the above eight clauses would make the issue clear: At whose expense?


Obama Administration Philosophy Posted by JohnGalt at February 28, 2009 7:51 PM

Adding to Eric's comment, the Ayn Rand Center has an excellent answer to the question, "Why Individual Rights?" http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=arc_why_individual_rights

In particular, these two paragraphs succinctly address this grotesque 'modern' interpretation of the concept "rights," and the consequences to us all.

Even worse, rights are no longer treated as rights to action but as claims to wealth - as in the "right" to a job, a bottle of medicine, an appendectomy, or a market share. But if rights are claims to values created by others, where does that leave the producers - the businessmen, pharmaceutical companies, doctors, and all the others whose silent compliance is counted on to satisfy the angry claimants' needs? What of these individuals' inalienable rights to pursue their lives, their property, their own happiness?

If "rights" are claims to the goods and services produced by others, then government must enforce these "rights." Hence the growth of the welfare state, to redistribute wealth through Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and similar schemes. And if it's illegitimate to consistently pursue one's own life, property and happiness - if this violates other people's "rights" - then government must curb such behavior. Hence the growth of the regulatory state and such agencies as the FDA, the FCC, and the EPA, to curtail self-interested action and promote the so-called public interest.

Posted by: Russ Shurts at March 1, 2009 9:48 AM

And isn't it amazing that ThreeSources allows this exchange of viewpoints without the need for a federally-imposed Fairness Doctrine?

I have always been a great admirer of Rand, having discovered her early in life. I was introduced to her in the seventh grade with "Anthem," and recognized immediately that she "gets it" in ways that no one else did. That being said, now being just short of forty years distant from my discovery of Rand, I've grown into an amazement that she could come to her views without theism.

You were all pleasantly surprised when I identified myself as a pastor who agreed in large part with Rand. But that should come as no surprise; short of her views of the existence of God, Rand's Objectivism in practice is very consistent with genuine Biblical Christianity - in practice.

I am right there with Rand and JG, right up until the quoted paragraph that starts with "The concept of individual rights is no new..." I'd propose that individual rights and responsibilities go all the way back to Creation. That paragraph states that there had been two schools of thought on man's rights: the mystical (that rights originate as a quality from the transcendent Divine) and the social (that rights originate from the collective or the State). She proposes a third: that rights derive from man's intrinsic nature. Yes, I'm fine with that, but she needs to explain that. How did Man get to be Man with those rights, and animals, which must have evolved from the same primordial goo, not?

I would give serious consideration to Samuel Rutherford's "Lex Rex," which is the foundation in Western thought for individual rights and the rule of law. Locke drew very heavily from Rutherford, and I daresay the American Revolution, without Rutherford's influence, would have taken a very different form.

At the risk of running afoul of the automated comment police again, I'd recommend this think for a more full discussion of the Biblical role of government:

http://alhbible.wordpress.com/2008/11/19/the-other-side-of-romans-13/

Posted by: Keith at March 1, 2009 11:35 AM

Keith: The problem with excerpting Rand is it's easy to leave out important points. First a clarification, however: I'm confident Rand agreed with your assertion that "individual rights and responsibilities go all the way back to Creation." Rand's point was that this concept is new.

Rand's next paragraph gives the explanation you seek:

The Declaration of Independence stated that men "are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights." Whether one believes that man is the product of a Creator or of nature, the issue of man's origin does not alter the fact that he is an entity of a specific kind - a rational being - that he cannot function successfully under coercion, and that rights are a necessary condition of his particular mode of survival.

The difference between man and animals is that, regardless of the dispute over their origins, man IS rational and animals are NOT.

As for your equation of Objectivism and "genuine Biblical Christianity" - "in practice" I will ask you this: Does altruism have any place in "genuine" Biblical Christianity? For this is where modern Christianity breaks down, in practice.

Posted by: johngalt at March 1, 2009 12:58 PM

JG, quick question for you (or any Objectivist reading):

If rationality is the determinate of individual rights, what do you with the externalities? Does the mentally insane, the comatose, or the newborn babe have rights? Indeed, many an animal-rights activist has used these examples of these reasonless humans to claim that all vertebrates should receive rights equal to those recognized in humankind. Do you have a response to such arguments?

Posted by: T. Greer at March 1, 2009 5:00 PM

JG: I'm still with you on that - and forgive me if I try to choose my words carefully; I try to never forget that when I'm at ThreeSources, I'm a guest in the house of people I respect, where I try to abide by their rules and not give offense (though I confess with a twinkle in my eye that I have tested that a little). I know that in matters of religion, it's not the theme of this blog, and if my hosts were to say "we're not going there," I'd shut up on the subject. Your house, your rules.

Most followers of Rand I've talked with focus on her firm atheism in these matters, which is why I've raised the hackles of some of my peers by citing Rand. But I've always read Rand's criticisms of religion in terms of her opposition to the dominant liberal Church in America - that of what we often call "mainline Protestantism" within Christian circles. By this we mean the modernist school typified by Harry Emerson Fosdick and leading through the twentieth century with the social-gospel movement, ultimately to the post-moderns and the Emerging/Emergent Church Movement of people like Brian McLaren, Tony Campolo, and Rob Bell in our decade. This stream tends to be on the left side of American politics, with the sense that the purpose of the Gospel is to cure injustices in this life, redistribute wealth, direct government to solve people's problems, and manufacture Heaven on Earth.

I know I risk making your eyes glaze over. To make things easier, here are some parallels: in my theological circle, we see people like Machen, Spurgeon, Schaeffer and Mohler exactly the way you see Hayek, von Mises, Friedman and Rand. We see the theological liberals the same way you see Keynesians. It's not a perfect parallel, but it gives you a frame of reference.

Most people I've known who have read Rand thought she simply lumped all religionists together, but I've never been completely sold on that. She had no patience with the American mainstream left, which had already in her day become collectivist and statist (think Jimmy Carter here and imagine the comtempt she would have had for him).

By "genuine Biblical Christianity" (and I realize you don't mean the quote marks derisively), I'll use a better label: substitute here "Reformed theology" with its reliance on the five solas, and here I deliberately mean sola Scriptura. To answer your question, altruism as Rand used it - an ingrained obligation to act to one's own detriment to the betterment of another - has very little place in Reformed theology. I could cite numerous references in which this stream within Christianity puts massive emphasis on the individual, almost to the point of "rugged individualism;" duty to self primary over duty to others; and even emphasis on competition and individual excellence.

I'll end with this, rather than hijack the thread: within the Reformed mindset, charitable giving is always voluntary, and never viewed in the sense of an obligation one owes to the collective or one's fellow man. Rather, it is an act of undeserved and unmerited grace toward the recipient, with an eye toward making the recipient responsible for his condition going forward. The early Church, operating as a community-within-a-community of voluntary cooperation and mutual benefit, probably resembled Galt's Gulch as much as any other example one might name, without separating itself from the rest of surrounding society.

On that note, I'll stop, and await any guidance on where we might go with this, as well as the answer to T. Greer's intriguing question. Thanks for your patience, all -

Posted by: Keith at March 1, 2009 6:42 PM

Good stuff, gentlemen.

Quick point of order -- Keith, you are a very welcome guest, no need to pull back, we're pretty thick of skin.

Also, I do not consider ThreeSources an Athiest or even Objectivist blog. I am proud and happy that we have some bright and principled folks of that stripe, but we also have a devout Catholic in AlexC. We are united by belief in freedom and individual rights, not belief in belief.

I was raised Catholic. While I have chosen a little more Randian path,I laughed at your surprise that I referenced parables. I'm rather a fan of the text and am extremely comfortable with religion and the religious.

I'll put words in Johngalt's mouth. A person who wants to use reason to engage is pretty welcome to express his or her opinions strongly as he or she wants around here. (Until the Fairness Doctrine is signed in the Rose Garden.)

Posted by: jk at March 1, 2009 11:55 PM

Not just pretty welcome, jk... completely welcome. If he uses reason.

TG: The answer to your question is that all humans have rights. (Even unborn ones, but that's another topic.) I can, and will if you ask, find where Rand explained this in her own words but I won't try to explain it myself because I'd likely confuse the matter.

Keith: I'll tell you up front where I'm trying to take this thread: To illustrate that belief in God (I call him "NED") and the philosophy of Objectivism can coexist. But belief in God or, in shorthand, "religion" is a package deal. I appreciate your explanation of the leftist elements in religious belief and that they differ from your, and what I would call "traditional" Christian belief. But without even refreshing my memory of Rand writings I can point out a single - extremely consequential - flaw in your argument that Christian charity is based on purely voluntary giving by self-sufficient - we call them "selfish" - individuals. It is this flaw that I contend has and will always be used by theologians to highjack rights from individuals. You wrote:

"Rather, it [charitable giving] is an act of undeserved and unmerited grace toward the recipient, with an eye toward making the recipient responsible for his condition going forward."

The problem here is "unmerited" or "undeserved." If charity is truly voluntary then the individual is free to make a judgement whether the recipient is worthy of his aid. Without that all important individual judgement all we are left with is the hammer and sickle. But then, Christianity forbids us to judge others for we are all "guilty" ourselves, right? Original sin. Rand called this "unearned guilt" and it is a principal weapon of the left.

You made analogy to Galt's Gulch. Remember what John Galt said: "I am the man who loves his life. I am the man who does not sacrifice his love or his values." ... "I will not sacrifice myself for others, nor ask another to sacrifice himself for me."

Beware of everything you read regarding Objectivism that isn't in Rand's own hand. I remember searching for any reference where she said she is an atheist. The most direct answer I could find was in the 1964 Playboy interview where having been asked if she believe's in God she answered, "Certainly not." It is an excellent interview and I highly suggest it to anyone who wants an introduction to Rand.

Let me close with just one last excerpt from that interview:

PLAYBOY: Has no religion, in your estimation, ever offered anything of constructive value to human life?

RAND: Qua religion, no -- in the sense of blind belief, belief unsupported by, or contrary to, the facts of reality and the conclusions of reason. Faith, as such, is extremely detrimental to human life: it is the negation of reason. But you must remember that religion is an early form of philosophy, that the first attempts to explain the universe, to give a coherent frame of reference to man's life and a code of moral values, were made by religion, before men graduated or developed enough to have philosophy. And, as philosophies, some religions have very valuable moral points. They may have a good influence or proper principles to inculcate, but in a very contradictory context and, on a very -- how should I say it? -- dangerous or malevolent base: on the ground of faith.


Posted by: johngalt at March 2, 2009 1:36 PM | What do you think? [7]